Updates on global trade and tariffs

The US Trade Representative has issued a notice implementing key tariff-related elements of the Korea Strategic Trade and Investment Deal (“US–ROK Deal”). The notice, to be published in the Federal Register on December 4, 2025, amends the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) to adjust tariffs on a wide range of goods that are products of the Republic of Korea, including reciprocal tariffs under Executive Order 14257, autos and auto parts under Proclamation 10908, timber and lumber under Proclamation 10976, and civil aircraft and aircraft parts under several Section 232-related proclamations.

The implementation is staggered. Automobiles and automobile parts are addressed in Part A of the Annex, which is effective for Korean-origin autos and auto parts entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse, on or after 12:01 a.m. ET on November 1, 2025. New HTSUS Chapter 99 provisions (e.g., headings 9903.94.60–9903.94.65 and related US note 33 changes) establish ordinary customs duty treatment for passenger vehicles, light trucks, and specified parts that are products of South Korea. For these goods, if the relevant Column 1 (General or Special) rate is less than 15%, the combined base and additional “deal” duty is set at 15% ad valorem; if the Column 1 rate is 15% or higher, no additional ad valorem duty applies. The notice also specifies foreign-trade-zone treatment (privileged foreign status) and clarifies that other Section 232-style surcharges on steel, aluminum, and copper do not apply to these Korean autos and parts.

Part B of the Annex is effective for all other covered Korean goods entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, on or after 12:01 a.m. ET on November 14, 2025. For most Korean products subject to the reciprocal tariff regime, new headings 9903.02.79 and 9903.02.80 implement the same basic formula: Korean-origin goods with a Column 1 MFN or KORUS rate below 15% will face a combined 15% ad valorem rate, while goods with a Column 1 rate of 15% or higher will continue at their base MFN/KORUS rate with no additional reciprocal duty. In parallel, a new heading 9903.76.23 sets a 15% duty for covered Korean wood, timber, lumber, and derivative products, while preserving the ability to claim KORUS benefits and stating that this 15% duty is collected in lieu of other special rates (but in addition to any AD/CVD duties).

The notice also creates a critical exemption for Korean civil aircraft and aircraft parts. New heading 9903.02.81 and associated US note 2(v)(xxiii)(b) provide that civil aircraft, their engines, parts, components, subassemblies, and ground flight simulators from Korea that meet General Note 6 (WTO Aircraft Agreement) are exempt from additional duties under the reciprocal-tariff order and from specified aluminum, steel, and copper Section 232 measures, even if entered under HTS provisions that normally show “Free (C)” in the Special column. The exemption explicitly excludes unmanned aircraft but otherwise covers a detailed list of HTS classifications.

In practical terms, importers of Korean goods should immediately review November entries and product classifications to determine: (1) whether autos and auto parts qualify for the recalibrated 15% or MFN-only treatment as of November 1; (2) whether non-auto Korean goods, including timber and lumber, fall under the new 15% / ≥15% threshold structure as of November 14; and (3) whether any Korean civil aircraft or aircraft-related equipment now qualifies for the new Section 232 and reciprocal-tariff exemptions.

The Notice can be found here.

On November 20, 2025, the President of the United States issued a new Executive Order modifying the scope of tariffs originally imposed on imports from Brazil under Executive Order 14323, signed July 30, 2025. These actions are taken pursuant to the authority granted under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and related statutes, in response to a declared national emergency concerning the actions of the Government of Brazil.

Executive Order 14323 imposed an additional 40% ad valorem duty on a range of Brazilian-origin goods, citing threats to US national security, foreign policy, and economic interests. An annex to that order excluded certain articles from the additional duties based on strategic and economic considerations.

As a result of engagement with the government of Brazil and based on further input from relevant US agencies, the administration has deemed it appropriate to revise the tariff coverage.

Key Modifications
Effective 12:01 a.m. EST on November 13, 2025, the following changes are in force.

Certain Brazilian agricultural products are now excluded from the 40% additional ad valorem duty initially imposed.

An updated Annex I (listing exempted products) and Annex II (revised HTSUS provisions) have been issued and will govern the scope of duty application going forward.

US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will process refunds for duties previously collected on now-exempted goods, in accordance with standard procedures and applicable law.

The Executive Order can be found here and the Annex I and Annex II can be found here.

The U.S. administration announced a landmark trade framework with Switzerland and Liechtenstein designed to expand U.S. market access and drive major investment into the American economy.

Key highlights

• Unprecedented market access: U.S. exporters will gain the largest expansion ever into Swiss and Liechtenstein markets, opening new opportunities for manufacturers, farmers, ranchers, and producers.

• Massive investment: Swiss and Liechtenstein companies have pledged $200 billion in U.S. investments, with $67 billion scheduled for 2026. These funds will support thousands of jobs across industries such as pharmaceuticals, aerospace, advanced manufacturing, and energy infrastructure.

• Workforce development: enterprises will invest in American workers through registered apprenticeships and training programs in high-growth sectors.

• Tariff reductions: the agreement sets reciprocal tariff rates capped at 15%, aligning with EU treatment, while removing barriers on agricultural and industrial goods including poultry, beef, seafood, fruits, chemicals, and spirits.

• Non-tariff barriers addressed: commitments include streamlined customs processes, improved access for U.S. medical devices, stronger intellectual property protections, and recognition of U.S. safety standards.

• Digital and environmental cooperation: the framework establishes principles for fair digital trade, labour protections, and environmental safeguards.

• Supply chain resilience: partners will collaborate to strengthen global supply chains and close procurement loopholes, ensuring reciprocal benefits for US businesses.

Looking ahead

Negotiations aim to finalise the Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade by early 2026. The deal is expected to help eliminate the $38.5 billion trade deficit with Switzerland and Liechtenstein by 2028, reinforcing U.S. national and economic security.

An executive order was signed on Friday 14 November 2025, lifting reciprocal tariffs on hundreds of agricultural products. The order reiterated that existing trade arrangements are in support of the move.

A notice from US Customs lists 237 classifications across eleven categories as newly exempt, ranging from coffee and tea to tropical fruits, beef, fertilizers, fruit juices, and certain foods used in religious contexts.

The change applies retroactively to qualifying imports from 13 November onwards, with refunds processed under normal customs procedures.

The U.S. government has announced a modification to the additional duties imposed on certain Chinese-origin products. As of November 10, 2025, the ad valorem tariff rate applied under Executive Order 14195 will be reduced from 20% to 10%. According to the Executive Order, this change reflects a policy shift following diplomatic engagement and commitments made by the PRC to curb the export of precursor chemicals used in synthetic opioid production.

This reduction in duty rates comes after the PRC pledged to take substantial and verifiable actions, including halting shipments of specific chemicals to North America and imposing stricter global export controls. In response to these commitments, the President determined that it is appropriate to adjust the heightened duty rate previously implemented in March 2025 under Executive Order 14228.

To implement this change, the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) will be formally updated. Effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. EST on November 10, 2025, items previously covered under HTSUS heading 9903.01.24 will reflect the revised 10% additional ad valorem duty. Importers are advised to review the Federal Register and consult the revised HTSUS language for full compliance.

We will continue to track developments and provide updates as more information becomes available. Importers affected by these changes should assess their current compliance strategies and coordinate with their customs broker or consultant to ensure a smooth transition.

The Executive Order can be found here.

In addition, another Executive Order was issued extending the suspension of heightened reciprocal tariffs on certain PRC-origin goods through November 10, 2026. This measure is part of a broader economic and security initiative tied to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, which identified large and sustained U.S. goods trade deficits as a threat to national security and the economy.

This latest action follows a series of previous executive orders that had initially imposed and then adjusted additional tariffs on Chinese imports in response to retaliatory actions by the PRC and the lack of progress in addressing unfair trade practices. Significant progress was made following high-level discussions culminating in a meeting between U.S. and PRC leadership in October 2025, resulting in the Kuala Lumpur Joint Arrangement, a comprehensive bilateral agreement aimed at resolving key trade and economic concerns.

Under this Arrangement, the PRC committed to suspend coercive export controls on critical materials such as rare earth elements, reduce retaliatory tariffs on U.S. agricultural exports, and open its markets to key American industries including semiconductors and agricultural commodities. In exchange, the United States agreed to maintain the suspension of the elevated reciprocal tariff rates—originally imposed under Executive Orders 14257, 14259, and 14266, until 12:01 a.m. EST on November 10, 2026.

The suspension specifically applies to HTSUS heading 9903.01.63 and related provisions in subchapter III of chapter 99. These provisions will remain inactive until the stated expiration date, pending ongoing monitoring and compliance by the PRC. U.S. agencies, including the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Commerce, and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), will continue to assess the PRC’s implementation of its commitments and advise the President on any changes required to protect national economic interests.

That Executive Order can be found here.

On October 17, 2025, President Trump issued a proclamation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, taking significant action to adjust imports of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs), certain vehicle parts (MHDVPs), and buses into the United States. This decision follows a formal investigation by the Department of Commerce, which concluded that the rising volume and growing reliance on foreign-made MHDVs, key parts, and buses threaten to impair U.S. national security.

The Department found that MHDVs and their components play a critical role in supporting military logistics, emergency response, and national infrastructure. The U.S. currently imports nearly half of the Class 8 vehicle market (the heaviest commercial trucks), with foreign penetration reaching 43% across all medium and heavy-duty classes. Additionally, the domestic industry is increasingly dependent on foreign sources for critical parts such as engines, batteries, and drive systems—many of which have limited or no domestic production capacity.

To address these concerns, the President has ordered the imposition of new tariffs. Effective November 1, 2025, a 25% ad valorem duty will apply to covered MHDVs and designated MHDV parts as outlined in Annex I of the proclamation. Buses, classified under HTSUS heading 8702, will be subject to a 10% duty. These rates are in addition to any existing duties or fees.

The proclamation provides some flexibility for importers under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Qualified MHDVs and, in the future, eligible parts, may be assessed the tariff only on the non-U.S. content of the goods, subject to approval by the Secretary of Commerce. A similar provision will be developed for MHDVPs, though implementation details are pending.

Manufacturers with final assembly operations in the United States may benefit from an import adjustment offset, which offers relief equivalent to the duty burden on 15% of a vehicle’s value. Specifically, eligible manufacturers can receive an offset amounting to 3.75% of the total value of U.S.-assembled MHDVs annually through October 2030. These offsets can only be used to reduce tariff liabilities for the specific manufacturer and their authorized importers.

Strict compliance measures will be enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Misstatements of U.S. content will result in full tariff liability on the affected goods and potentially on all similar imports from the same importer until the issue is resolved. Furthermore, knock-down kits and similar parts shipments designed for domestic assembly will be fully dutiable, regardless of preferential origin claims or offsets.

Imports into Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs) will also be impacted. Any subject goods admitted into an FTZ on or after the effective date must be placed under privileged foreign status, making them subject to duty upon withdrawal.

Lastly, the proclamation limits the availability of duty drawback. Only manufacturing drawback claims under 19 U.S.C. 1313(a)-(b) will be permitted, excluding other forms of substitution or unused merchandise drawback.

The Proclamation can be found here and the Annex to the Proclamation can be found here.

On September 29, 2025, the U.S. President issued a proclamation adjusting the import treatment of timber, lumber, and derivative wood products under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. This action follows a U.S. Department of Commerce investigation that concluded current import volumes and conditions pose a threat to national security by undermining the domestic wood products industry. The investigation cited mill closures, underutilized domestic capacity, and increased foreign dependence as key risks, with wood products identified as critical to defense, infrastructure, and industrial resilience.

Effective October 14, 2025, the following ad valorem duties will apply:

• 10% on softwood timber and lumber,

• 25% on certain upholstered wooden products,

• 25% on kitchen cabinets and vanities, including parts.

These rates will escalate on January 1, 2026, to 30% and 50%, respectively, for upholstered products and cabinets, unless exempted by bilateral or multilateral agreements. Products from the EU, UK, and Japan are subject to capped duty rates (not exceeding 10%–15%) per current trade frameworks. Additionally, certain HTSUS provisions are being removed or modified to reflect these changes, and imports through Foreign Trade Zones may face privileged foreign status requirements.

Importers should assess their current and upcoming entries for affected HTS Chapter 44 and other commodities, review supplier contracts, and evaluate sourcing strategies. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will implement the required enforcement measures, and drawback will remain available on duties paid under this proclamation.

The Proclamation can be found here and the Annex to the Proclamation here.

The U.S. President has announced new industry-specific tariffs set to take effect on October 1. These include:

• A 100% tariff on imports of branded or patented pharmaceutical products, unless the manufacturer is building a production facility in the United States.

• A 25% tariff on heavy-duty trucks.

• A 50% tariff on kitchen and bathroom cabinets.

According to media reports, the rationale behind these measures is to curb the influx of these products into the U.S. market. No formal executive order detailing the tariffs has been published yet.

On September 4, 2025, President Trump issued an Executive Order implementing the United States–Japan Agreement, signaling a significant shift in bilateral trade policy. This Agreement introduces a standardized 15% tariff on nearly all Japanese imports, unless a product already carries a duty rate of 15% or higher under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTSUS). Specific sectors such as aerospace, automobiles and parts, generic pharmaceuticals, and critical natural resources will receive tailored treatment. The new tariff structure is effective retroactively to August 7, 2025, with refund procedures available through standard CBP processes.

According to the Executive Order, Japan has committed to enhanced U.S. market access, particularly in agriculture, food, and industrial goods, including a 75% increase in U.S. rice purchases and up to $8 billion annually in procurement of key U.S. commodities. Notably, Japan has agreed to accept U.S.-certified passenger vehicles without additional testing and will purchase U.S.-manufactured commercial and defense aircraft. The most significant economic impact is Japan’s commitment to $550 billion in U.S. investments, which will directly support domestic manufacturing and job creation.

On September 15, 2025, U.S. Customs and Border Protection issued CSMS# 66242844- Update Guidance to the US-Japan Agreement and details how entries are to be made.

On September 15, 2025, U.S. Customs and Border Protection issued CSMS# 66242844- Update Guidance to the US-Japan Agreement and details how entries are to be made. Importers of Japanese goods should immediately review their product classifications and assess the tariff implications under the new framework. Additionally, importers should be mindful of potential refunds while monitoring liquidations of entries.

The Executive Order can be found here.

The Federal Register Notice can be found here.

The CSMS message can be found here.

On August 29, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a significant decision in V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump, holding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. The Court found that President Trump exceeded his statutory authority by using IEEPA to justify sweeping tariffs on imports from China, Canada, Mexico, and other nations in response to national emergencies related to fentanyl trafficking and trade imbalances. In a 7–4 ruling, the court concluded that the power to "regulate importation" under IEEPA does not include the power to tax via tariff, a power constitutionally reserved to Congress.

While the ruling invalidates the legal basis for the "Trafficking" and "Reciprocal" tariffs, the Court stopped short of reinstating the nationwide injunction previously issued by the Court of International Trade (CIT). Instead, the Federal Circuit remanded the case back to CIT to reassess the scope of injunctive relief in light of the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Trump v. CASA, which restricts the use of nationwide injunctions.

As a result, U.S. Customs and Border Protection will continue collecting the challenged tariffs, pending further legal developments. The Court also delayed issuance of its mandate until October 14, 2025, allowing time for a potential appeal to the Supreme Court.

The ruling reinforces constitutional limits on executive trade authority and that tariff power remains firmly within Congress's purview. Importers should be aware that although these tariffs are still being collected, their legal foundation is now highly uncertain.

Importers should continue monitoring this case closely and consult with a trade professional about bond exposure, duty rates and HTS Classification, and potential refund opportunities if the tariffs are ultimately struck down.

A copy of the Court’s opinion can be found here.

Acknowledging the U.S.’s decision to allow most Canadian goods to enter tariff-free under the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), Canada is lifting the counter-tariffs it imposed in March 2025 on most U.S. imports, effective September 1, 2025.

However, counter-tariffs on steel, aluminium, and automobiles will remain in place while intensive negotiations with the U.S. continue, as these sectors are still subject to U.S. tariffs without exemptions for CUSMA-compliant goods.

The EU and U.S. have issued a Joint Statement establishing a framework for fair, balanced, and mutually beneficial trade and investment, building on the political agreement reached by Presidents von der Leyen and Trump on 27 July 2025.

Key outcomes:

• Tariff stability: The U.S. introduces a maximum 15% all-inclusive tariff on most EU exports, covering strategic sectors like automobiles, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and lumber. Products already subject to Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariffs of 15% or more will not face additional duties.

• Special regime from 1 September: Certain product groups, such as cork, aircraft and parts, generic pharmaceuticals, and chemical precursors, will benefit from MFN-only tariffs. Both sides aim to expand this regime to additional categories.

• Automotive sector: The 15% U.S. tariff ceiling will apply while the EU begins procedures to reduce tariffs on U.S. automotive products.

• Steel and aluminium: The EU and U.S. will collaborate to address overcapacity and secure supply chains, including a tariff rate quota solution for EU steel and aluminium exports.

• Avoiding Escalation: While the EU maintains that high tariffs harm the global economy, this agreement avoids further escalation and lays the groundwork for continued dialogue.

Negotiations will continue toward a broader EU-U.S. trade agreement under the new framework.

You can read the joint statement here.

On Monday, August 11, the U.S. President extended the suspension of tariffs on Chinese goods for an additional 90 days. This announcement came one day before the tariffs were set to be reinstated. The new deadline is now 10 November.

The extension aims to prevent the escalation of tariffs to April rates, which were set at 145% U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods and 125% Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods.

More information can be found in the Executive Order.

On Wednesday, the U.S. President signed an Executive Order introducing an additional 25% tariff on imports from India, effective August 27. This decision is a direct response to India's continued purchases of oil from the Russian Federation.

The tariff is in addition to existing duties and taxes, which will bring the total import tods to 50%. The measure is intended to discourage other countries from buying Russian Federation oil.

Tariffs have been postponed to provide more time for implementation, while new sweeping tariffs announced ranging from 10% to 50% on imports from 69 trading partners

A U.S. government official confirmed that the new tariffs on imports will be delayed until 7 August, rather than taking effect today, 1 August. This postponement also applies to the 15% tariff on imports from the EU.

According to German media DVZ, the official explained that the delay is intended to provide additional time for the implementation of the new rules.

Additionally, the U.S. Administration had signed an executive order, imposing reciprocal tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% on imports from numerous countries and foreign locations. The new import duty rates, which will commence in seven days, affect 69 trading partners.

The U.S. Administration imposed steep tariffs on exports from several trading partners, including Canada, Brazil, India, and Taiwan, while extending the deadline for a tariff deal with Mexico by an additional 90 days.

The executive order specified rates such as a 35% duty on many goods from Canada, 50% for Brazil, 25% for India, 20% for Taiwan, and 39% for Switzerland.

The full list of tariffs for each country is available through this link.

The U.S. Administration will impose an additional 40% tariff on most Brazilian goods, brining the total tariff amount to 50%. According to the Executive Order, the move is a reaction to "recent policies, practices, and actions of the Government of Brazil (which) threaten the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States." The new tariffs are expected to go into effect on 6 August.

Additionally, media reports indicate that the U.S. President declared a 25% tariff on Indian goods as of 1 August and an extra import tax due to India's purchase of Russian oil. The Indian government is currently assessing the impact of these new tariffs while continuing negotiations for a balanced bilateral trade agreement.

New deal with South Korea

Meanwhile, the U.S. President revealed a new trade agreement with South Korea on the Truth Social platform, which includes a 15% tariff on South Korean goods. This deal involves South Korea investing USD 350 billion in US-led projects. Goods from South Korea had previously faced a 25% "reciprocal" tariff in April, which was paused and set to expire on 1 August.

A new Executive Order ends the de minimis exemption for commercial shipments. As of August 29, 2025, all imported goods valued at $800 or less sent via channels other than the international postal network will be subject to applicable duties.

For goods shipped through the international postal system, duties will be assessed using one of two methods:

• Ad Valorem Duty: Based on the IEEPA tariff rate for the product’s country of origin, applied to the package’s value.

• Specific Duty: $80–$200 per item, depending on the IEEPA rate applicable to the country of origin. This method is temporary and will be phased out after six months in favor of ad valorem.

Read the entire Executive Order here.

The United States and the European Union have reached a preliminary trade deal, according to media reports. U.S. President Donald Trump and EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen agreed to impose a 15% tariff on EU goods entering the U.S., including pharmaceuticals and automobiles. Existing tariffs of 50% on steel and aluminium would remain in effect.

As part of the agreement, the EU has also committed to increasing its purchases of U.S. energy products and military equipment.

Details of the deal have yet to be disclosed, and the agreement is still pending formalisation.

In the past few weeks, key economies in Asia have been actively engaging in trade negotiations withthe United States. Below is an overview of the agreements reached so far and announced in themedia.

Indonesia

The U.S. and Indonesia have reached a framework agreement on tariffs and other trade policies. This agreement, labelled the US-Indonesia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade, includes a 19% tariff on Indonesian imports to the US, while Indonesia will eliminate levies on 99% of US imports. The deal also covers various provisions related to industrial, agricultural, and digital trade, economic security, and labour and environmental regulation.

Japan

Reuters reported that the US has struck a trade deal with Japan that lowers tariffs on auto imports and spares Tokyo from new levies on other goods. In exchange, Japan has agreed to a USD 550 billion package of US-bound investment and loans. The deal reduces tariffs on Japan's auto sector to 15% from 27.5% and cuts duties on other Japanese goods to 15% from 25%, reports Reuters.

Malaysia

While there is no news about an official deal, Malaysia is negotiating with the US to secure a 20% tariff rate, aiming to align its tax rates with those of its regional neighbours. In a recent report, Bloomberg writes that Malaysia has rejected US demands to open its electric vehicle market and amend foreign land ownership laws. The country's Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is pushing for a tariff reduction below the 25% threshold, effective 1 August, while also addressing US concerns over illicit semiconductor imports.

Philippines

Meanwhile, the U.S. President has announced a trade agreement with the Philippines following a meeting with President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. at the White House. According to the New York Times, the deal imposes a 19% tariff on Philippine exports to the US, while American goods entering the Philippines will face zero tariffs.

The U.S. President stated that copper imported into the United States will face a 50% tariff starting next month. This move is expected to have significant economic implications for Chile, Canada, and Mexico, the nation’s top copper suppliers.

This announcement follows a recent decision to raise tariffs on Brazilian imports to 50%, up from the current 10%, as part of a broader strategy of reciprocal trade measures.

On July 7, 2025, the U.S. President issued an Executive Order extending the application of modified reciprocal tariff rates initially imposed to address unfair trade practices and persistent imbalances in goods trade. This action builds upon prior Executive Orders that adjusted U.S. tariff structures to reflect retaliatory measures taken by key trading partners and to further align duty rates in accordance with U.S. trade policy objectives.

Under this extension:

The modified tariff rates established in prior Executive Orders, specifically those adjusting duties in response to disproportionate trade barriers and lack of market access, will remain in effect until further notice.

The continuation of these rates is intended to preserve leverage in ongoing trade negotiations and to ensure that the United States’ tariff structure remains aligned with its strategic trade and economic interests.

The current reciprocal tariffs of 10% (except for China) are extended until August 1, 2025.

This follows announcements in social media the President made that letters were sent to fourteen countries indicating that they would be facing reciprocal tariffs unless markets were opened, tariffs eliminated, and trade barriers were eliminated. Those countries rates are:

The Executive Order can be found here.

Last night, the U.S. president signed an executive proclamation that raises the tariffs on imported steel and aluminium from 25% to 50% as of June 4th.

Imports from the United Kingdom will remain at 25% for now, with potential adjustments based on the U.S.-UK Economic Prosperity Deal. The administration is also tightening enforcement by requiring accurate declarations of steel and aluminum content, with penalties for violations.

This move follows findings that global overcapacity and subsidized imports have weakened U.S. production and threaten the country’s ability to meet defense and infrastructure needs.

Learn more here.

The U.S. President had initially announced a 50% tariff on European Union imports, set to take effect on June 1st. However, following high-level discussions with the President of the European Commission over the weekend, the implementation of these tariffs has been postponed to July 9th. This extension provides both parties with additional time to continue trade negotiations.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) updated its Frequently Asked Questions (“FAQ”) website to include scenarios where IEEPA reciprocal tariffs would or would not apply to in-transit cargo.

Among other valuable answers regarding tariffs, the FAQ listed two scenarios for the trade’s understanding. Listed below are those scenarios:

How are feeder vessel scenarios impacted by the in-transit guidance for reciprocal entries?

Answer–Scenario A: Prior to the cutoff date for the reciprocal tariff in-transit provision, U.S. bound cargo is loaded onto a vessel destined for the U.S. En route to the U.S., this vessel stops at foreign ports to load/offload other cargo, or refuel, but the U.S. bound cargo remains onboard. This vessel arrives at a U.S. port of entry to unload the U.S. bound cargo and make entry.

The cargo in this scenario does qualify for the exception from reciprocal tariffs pursuant to the in-transit provision because prior to the cutoff date, the U.S. bound cargo was laden onto a vessel destined for the U.S. upon departure from the original port of loading and was never unladen or transferred onto another vessel.

Consequently, this vessel constitutes the “final mode of transit” for the laden goods.

Answer– Scenario B: Prior to the cutoff date for the reciprocal tariff in-transit provision, U.S. bound cargo is loaded onto a vessel destined for a foreign port prior to shipment to the U.S. At this foreign port, after the cutoff date, the U.S. bound cargo is transferred onto a different vessel that is destined for the U.S. This new vessel then arrives at a U.S. port of entry to unload the U.S. bound cargo and make entry.

The cargo in this scenario does not qualify for the in-transit exception for reciprocal tariffs because the U.S. bound cargo was laden onto a vessel destined for the U.S. after the cutoff date irrespective of when it departed from the original port of lading; it was thus not loaded onto a vessel that was the final mode of transit prior to the cutoff date for the reciprocal tariff in-transit exception.

The FAQ can be found here.

A Presidential Executive Order issued on May 12 temporarily revises reciprocal tariff measures originally implemented under Executive Order 14257 and its amendments.

Temporary Reduction in Ad Valorem Tariffs

Effective May 14, 2025, the U.S. will suspend 24 percentage points of the ad valorem duties on Chinese-origin goods (including Hong Kong and Macau) for 90 days. During this period, covered imports will be subject to a reduced 10% duty rate, down from prior levels as high as 125%. Existing product-specific exclusions and exceptions remain in force.

This change:

• Temporarily suspends the 34% country-specific rate under Executive Order 14257.

• References the April 11, 2025, Presidential Memorandum, which clarified exemptions (e.g., semiconductors).

• Removes tariffs introduced under Executive Order 14259 (84%) and Executive Order 14266 (increased rates to 125% and adjustments on low-value shipments).

De Minimis and Low-Value Import Provisions

The duty on low-value, synthetic opioid-related goods from China is reduced from 120% to 54%.

The $100 flat duty per postal item remains in place and will not increase to $200 as previously scheduled for June 1, 2025.

No mention of retroactive application of these reduced tariffs was made. These reductions will remain in effect for 90 days, unless extended or revised.

A copy of the Executive Order can be found here.

The U.S. Administration has issued an Executive Order eliminating overlapping U.S. tariffs. The new non-stacking rule ensures that if a product falls under multiple tariff actions—including those on steel, aluminum, auto parts, and border-related trade—only one duty applies, based on policy priority.

As indicated in our update from May 1, for importers of automobiles and auto parts, this could mean avoiding additional Section 232 steel and aluminum duties, as well as IEEPA fentanyl tariffs for Canadian or Mexican goods.

The rule applies retroactively to goods entered on or after March 4, 2025, with changes required in the HTSUS by May 16, 2025. Other duties such as Section 301, antidumping, or countervailing duties remain unaffected. CBP and other federal agencies will update systems, issue guidance, and process refunds for overpaid duties. For further details, refer to the Executive Order.

On April 29, President Trump approved new relief for U.S. automakers affected by his 25% Section 232 autos tariffs, aiming to boost domestic production. The change ends tariff ‘stacking’—affected autos and auto parts won’t face additional tariffs that have been imposed on steel, aluminum, and/or Canada/Mexico-related tariffs.

The Trump administration will also offer a temporary credit of 3.75% off the vehicles MSRP, which will allow automakers to offset some parts import costs (excluding Chinese goods) based on the value of vehicles assembled in the U.S., with the credit declining after the first year—ending in 2027. Vehicles assembled in Canada or Mexico don’t qualify.

The move offers short-term relief to U.S. automakers but continues to disrupt North American supply chains and adds complexity for foreign trade partners.

A Federal Register notice has been released with details for the implementation of the U.S. Administration's Executive Order of April 2 to end de minimis for products from China and Hong Kong as of May 2. This notice is set to be published in the federal register later today on April 28.

The end of de minis means that shipments entering the U.S. from China or Hong Kong, which are valued at $800 or less, shall be subject to one of the following duties:

• A duty of 120% of the value of the item 

• Or a specific duty of $100 per item (as of June 1, a specific duty rate of $200 per item will apply).

These headings describe products such as computers and parts, machines that manufacture semiconductor wafers and integrated circuits, smartphones and other electronic communication products, solid state storage devices, flat panel display modules, monitors, and other semiconductor devices. Imported products properly classified under the listed HTSUS provisions are excluded from
the reciprocal tariffs.

The guidance addressed possible refunds on entries made with these HTSUS provisions for products classified under the referenced HTSUS provisions that are entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after April 5, 2025, filers should promptly take corrective action to ensure the applicable exception under heading 9903.01.32 is properly reflected. Such corrections should be made within 10 days of the release of the cargo from CBP custody.

To request a refund, importers may submit a post summary correction (PSC) for unliquidated entries. For entries that have already liquidated but remain within the protest period, a formal protest may be filed, provided the liquidation is not yet final.

The Presidential Memorandum can be found here and the CBP Guidance here.

As per revised guidance issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Friday, April 11, electronic imports are now excluded from the U.S. Administration's reciprocal tariffs. This exemption, retroactively effective from April 5, encompasses items such as smartphones, computers, and components like semiconductors and memory cards.

Following a tit-for-tat exchange of tariffs between the US and China, China has imposed a significant retaliatory tariff of 125% on U.S. products. This new tariff will take effect on April 12.

The U.S. Administration has announced to temporarily lower the new tariffs for nearly all trading partners, excluding China. This announcement came less than 24 hours after the new tariffs would take effect.

According to official statements, new targeted tariffs on other trading partners would be suspended for 90-days to allow time for U.S. officials to negotiate with willing countries; however, the 10% blanket duty on nearly all imports, along with existing tariffs on autos, steel, and aluminium, appear to remain in place. Simultaneously, the U.S. Administration mentioned an increase of the tariff on Chinese imports to 125% from the 104% that came into effect at midnight on April 9.

The U.S. Administration first introduced a 34% tariff increase on Chinese imports. In response to China's 34% retaliatory tariffs on American goods, an additional 50% duty was imposed. This raised the cumulative tariff to 104%, factoring in the existing 20%. The new tariff officially took effect on April 9.

The U.S. President signed an Executive Order eliminating duty-free treatment under 19 U.S.C. 1321(a)(2)(C) for imported products of China and Hong Kong. Section 321 of the U.S. Tariff Act allows for the duty-free importation of goods valued at $800 or less per shipment, provided they are imported by one person on one day and meet all other eligibility requirements.

With the removal of this favorable treatment, imported goods sent through networks other than international postal systems that are valued at or under $800 and that would otherwise qualify for the de minimis exemption will be subject to all applicable duties, including Section 301 (up to 25%) and IEEPA (International Emergency Economic Powers Act) tariffs (20%), and an entry would be required.

Shipments that are sent through the international postal network that are valued at or under $800 and that would otherwise qualify for the de minimis exemption are subject to a duty rate of either 30% of their value or $25 per item (increasing to $50 per item after June 1, 2025).

The Executive Order can be found here.

China retaliates against the U.S. with a 34% tariff on all American products as of April 10. Also the European Union and Canada announced retaliatory measures.

Universal tariff

Using the authority of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA), the President signed an Executive Order confirming that on April 5th, 2025, a 10% tariff on all imported products from all countries will be imposed.
These tariffs shall apply to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 5, 2025, except for goods loaded onto a vessel at the port of loading and in transit on the final mode of transit before 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 5, 2025, and entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 5, 2025, shall not be subject to such additional duty.

Tariffs on cars

As announced earlier, a 25% tariff will apply to cars as of April 3rd, 2025. If a car is built in the U.S., there will be no tariff, and parts covered under the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) trade deal will not be impacted initially.

Reciprocal tariffs

The Executive Order also imposes higher country-specific rates to countries deemed to have excessive tariffs and trade barriers against U.S. products imported into their country.
Although not specified in the Executive Order, at a Rose Garden event on April 2nd the President indicated that the following tariff rates would apply to these countries:

•    49% on Cambodian goods
•    48% on Laotian goods
•    47% on goods from Madagascar
•    46% on Vietnamese goods
•    44% on Sri Lankan goods
•    44% on goods from Myanmar
•    37% on Serbian goods
•    37% on goods from Botswana
•    37% on Bangladeshi goods
•    36% on Thai goods
•    34% on Chinese goods
•    32% on Taiwanese goods
•    32% on Indonesian goods
•    31% on Swiss goods
•    30% on South African goods
•    29% on Pakistani goods
•    28% on Tunisian goods
•    27% on Kazakh goods
•    26% on Indian goods
•    25% on South Korean goods
•    24% on Malaysian goods
•    24% on Japanese goods
•    21% on goods from Cote D'Ivoire
•    20% on Jordanian goods
•    20% on EU goods
•    18% on Nicaraguan goods
•    17% on Israeli goods
•    17% on Filipino goods
•    15% on Norwegian goods

Those duties will apply to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 9, 2025, except for goods loaded onto a vessel at the port of loading and in transit on the final mode of transit before 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 9, 2025, and entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 9, 2025, shall not be subject to these country-specific ad valorem rates of duty set forth in Annex I to the Order.      
Additional details and countries will be updated after the publication of the Executive Order.  Expect U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) to also issue guidance on how the entries should be filed.

U.S. President Trump announced a 25% tariff on all automotive imports, effective April 2, the same date he plans to announce reciprocal tariffs. If a car is built in the U.S., there will be no tariff, and parts covered under the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) trade deal will not be impacted initially.

Canada is imposing a 25% tariff on $29.8 billion in products imported from the United States (U.S.). These tariffs only apply to goods originating from the U.S., which shall be considered in accordance with the Determination of Country of Origin for the Purpose of Marking Goods (CUSMA Countries) Regulations.

The Canadian government has stated that these countermeasures will remain in place until the U.S. eliminates its tariffs against Canadian steel and aluminum products. Canada’s countermeasures do not apply to U.S. goods that are in transit to Canada on the day on which they come into force. Additional details on the administration of these tariffs are available on the Canada Border Services Agency website: Customs Notices (cbsa-asfc.gc.ca).

To see the full list of affected U.S. goods, click here. This list outlined at the tariff item level in the table should be read in conjunction with the Schedule to Canada’s Customs Tariff.

Today, a 25% tariff on aluminum and steel imports to the U.S. from all countries has taken effect. The EU has announced retaliatory measures set to take effect in April.

On Wednesday, the U.S. exempted automotive goods from the 25% tariffs that had been imposed on imports from Canada and Mexico as of Tuesday.

Now, the U.S. also announced a one-month suspension of the 25% tariffs on all goods compliant with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Kuehne+Nagel is closely monitoring all details, including the impact on duties already paid since March 4, 2025, on goods that are now exempted.

According to the latest reports, a 25% tariff on imports of steel and aluminum will still take effect as scheduled on March 12, 2025.

A 25% tariff on Canadian and Mexican imports into the U.S. went into effect after midnight on March 4th, except for Canadian energy products, which are subject to a 10% tariff. Additionally, a 10% tariff on Chinese imports into the U.S. was implemented, applying on top of existing tariffs (meaning a total of 20% tariffs now apply).

In response, China has imposed tariffs on various food and agricultural products from the U.S. The Canadian prime minister has stated that they will immediately apply a 25% tariff on a wide range of U.S. products, and that these tariffs will be expanded if the U.S. tariffs against Canada remain in place after 21 days.

Media reports state that a 25% U.S. tariff on imports from Mexico and Canada will go into effect on March 4th, contrary to earlier reports suggesting a potential delay until April 2nd.

Furthermore, the U.S. president has announced an additional 10% tariff on all goods from China, which are to be applied on the same date, March 4th, on top of the existing 10% tariff which came into effect earlier this month.

The U.S. government announced a 25% tariff on all steel and aluminium imports with March 12, 2025, as the official implementation date. This primarily affects major suppliers from Canada, Mexico, and Brazil.

Companies are encouraged to evaluate any possible effects this tariff may have on their business. Our trade compliance team remains available for inquiries.

A new U.S. executive order delays the cancellation of the de minimis exemption. This order announced a process to allow de minimis entries through Customs with a 10% tariff on those movements. This program will impact the express consignment carriers but will have no impact on Kuehne+Nagel services.

China announced targeted tariffs on specific U.S. imports starting February 10, 2025. These include an extra 15% tariff on U.S. imports of anthracite, coal, coke, lignite and liquified natural gas. This action also poses an additional 10% tariff on U.S. imports of crude oil, various types of agricultural machinery, tractors, large-displacement vehicles and pickup trucks, electric wagons, agricultural trailers and semi-trailers.
 
This action is a response to the unilateral tariff measures imposed by the United States on Chinese imports. 

Both Mexico and Canada came to an agreement with the U.S. to suspend the 25% tariffs from the U.S. on each country beginning on Tuesday, February 4, 2025. Canada also paused its retaliatory measures. 
 
This pause is to last for at least 30 days.

Canada announced retaliatory measures with a 25% tariff on a series of U.S. imports. Please find a list of goods issued from the Canadian government here.

On February 1, 2025, the U.S. president signed executive orders imposing 10% tariffs on all goods from China and 25% tariffs on all goods from Mexico and Canada (except for Canadian energy and oil, for which 10% tariffs will apply). The tariffs are added on top of existing ones and are to take effect on Tuesday, February 4.
 
Goods in transit before 12:01 a.m. EST on February 1, 2025, may be exempt from these tariffs, provided the importer submits a certification (details to be outlined in a U.S. Federal Register notice). 
 
In addition, the de minimis exemption for goods valued under $800 from China has been revoked. This means that those shipments to the U.S., such as orders from e-commerce customers, will be subject to duties and must follow the same customs clearance processes as other goods entering the country.